These shin conditions are most frequently seen in runners who increase their mileage or intensity of running, or change the surface on which they are running. The most common cause of all of these conditions in young athletes is being overactive. When a certain compartment is overused, the muscles will become painful. Compartment syndrome: The muscles in the lower leg are surrounded by connective tissue into compartments.A stress fracture is a hairline crack in one of the lower leg bones, the tibia or fibula. Stress reaction/fracture: Inflammation in the bone and may be a precursor to a stress fracture.A similar process can occur over the outer side of the leg. Medial stress syndrome (shin splints): Occurs when the muscles that attach to the inner side of the shinbone are inflamed.The following are different types of shin conditions. The pain may come from irritation of the muscles and the tissues that connect the muscles to bone, from a stress reaction/fracture or from increased pressure around the muscles in the lower leg. Shin pain is often referred to as shin splints, but not all shin pain is necessarily caused by shin splints. It can hurt directly over the shinbone (tibia) or over the muscles that are on the inner or outer side of the tibia. Shin pain is experienced on the front of the lower leg, below the knee and above the ankle.
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