In fact, mononucleosis symptoms may be nonexistent or so mild that most people are not even aware of their illness. ![]() In most cases, however, they disappear in one to three weeks. Symptoms may take between two and seven weeks to develop after exposure to the virus and can last a few days or as long as several months. It can be detected in the saliva of about 15 percent of people for years after first infection. No one knows how long this period of infectiousness lasts, although the virus can be found routinely in the saliva of most people with mononucleosis for at least six months after the acute infection has subsided. Household members or college roommates have only a slight risk of being infected unless they come into direct contact with the patient's saliva.Ī person is infectious several days before symptoms appear and for some time after acute infection. Someone with mononucleosis, however, does not need to be isolated. Direct contact with virus-infected saliva, such as through kissing, can transmit the virus and result in mononucleosis. It also infects white blood cells called B cells. Epidemics do not occur, but doctors have reported clustering of cases.ĮBV, the virus that causes most cases of mononucleosis, infects and reproduces in the salivary glands. Mononucleosis does not occur in any particular "season," although authorities in colleges and schools, where the disease has been well studied, report that they see most patients in the fall and early spring. Among college students, the rate is several times higher. Doctors estimate that each year 50 out of every 100,000 Americans have mononucleosis symptoms. Both men and women are affected, but studies suggest that the disease occurs slightly more often in men than in women. Seventy to 80 percent of all documented cases, however, involve persons between the ages of 15 and 30. Like all herpesviruses, EBV remains in the body for life after infection, usually kept under control by a healthy immune system.Īlmost anyone at any age can get mononucleosis. These infections can occur with no symptoms of disease. This fact sheet focuses on mononucleosis caused by EBV.ĮBV is a common virus that scientists estimate has infected over 90 percent of people aged 40 or older sometime during their lives. Most of the remaining cases are caused by certain other herpesviruses, particularly cytomegalovirus. An estimated 90 percent of mononucleosis cases are caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpesvirus group. doi:10.1080/ mononucleosis - known popularly as "mono" or "the kissing disease" - has been recognized for more than a century. ![]() Epstein-Barr virus infection status among first year undergraduate university students. doi:10.1186/s12889-xĬhoi A, Marcus K, Pohl D, Eyck PT, Balfour H, Jackson JB. Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus infection and infectious mononucleosis in the United Kingdom. Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease. ![]() Association of splenic rupture and infectious mononucleosis: a retrospective analysis and review of return-to-play recommendations. Sylvester JE, Buchanan BK, Paradise SL, Yauger JJ, Beutler AI. Mononucleosis and Epstein–Barr virus infection: treatment and medication. doi:10.1186/1710-Īmerican Family Care Urgent Care. Amoxicillin rash in patients with infectious mononucleosis: evidence of true drug sensitization. Ónodi-Nagy K, Kinyó Á, Meszes A, Garaczi E, Kemény L, Bata-Csörgő Z. ![]() Epstein–barr virus and infectious mononucleosis: what students can teach us. The incubation period of primary epstein-barr virus infection: viral dynamics and immunologic events. Epstein-Barr virus and infectious mononucleosis.ĭunmire SK, Grimm JM, Schmeling DO, Balfour HH, Hogquist KA. Springer International Publishing 2015:211-240.
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